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Building Performance Ontology

Latest version:
https://w3id.org/bop#
Authors:
Alex Donkers, ISBE, Eindhoven University of Technology
Contributors:
Dujuan Yang, ISBE, Eindhoven University of Technology
Bauke de Vries, ISBE, Eindhoven University of Technology
Nico Baken, Royal KPN
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https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Visualize with WebVowl
Cite as:
Donkers, A.J.A., Yang, D., De Vries, B., Baken, N. (2021). Building Performance Ontology. Revision: 1.6. https://w3id.org/bop
Building Performance Ontology

Abstract

The Building Performance Ontology (BOP) aims to enable the integration of topological building information with static and dynamic properties, to create a homogeneous data environment used by complex building performance assessments. It helps building managers and their software to deal with the large heterogeneity of information. While the data describing static and dynamic properties is fundamentally different, they share a similar context with a complex spatio-temporal resolution. The goal of this ontology is to represent this complex contextual information similarly for different types of information, which will increase the opportunities for using the linked data in complex equations and improves machine-readability. We tried to be as semantically correct as possible, while also aiming for simple and intuitive queries. By (re-)using concepts from major ontologies in the field, BOP could easily be integrated with a wide range of existing ontologies and datasets.

Namespace: https://w3id.org/bop#

Suggested prefix: bop:

Introduction back to ToC

This is a place holder text for the introduction. The introduction should briefly describe the ontology, its motivation, state of the art and goals.

Namespace declarations

Table 1: Namespaces used in the document
bop<https://w3id.org/bop#>
schema<http://schema.org>
qudt<http://qudt.org/schema/qudt>
bop<http://www.w3id.org/bop>
owl<http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl>
xsd<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema>
skos<http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core>
rdfs<http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema>
rdf<http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns>
xml<http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace>
dcterms<http://purl.org/dc/terms>
vann<http://purl.org/vocab/vann>
prov<http://www.w3.org/ns/prov>
foaf<http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1>

Building Performance Ontology: Description back to ToC

This is a placeholder text for the description of your ontology. The description should include an explanation and a diagram explaining how the classes are related, examples of usage, etc.

Generic structure

Figure 1: Generic structure of BOP

Sensor pattern

Figure 2: Sensor pattern of BOP

Actuator pattern

Figure 3: Actuator pattern of BOP

Static properties pattern

Figure 4: Static property pattern of BOP

Examples

Figure 5: Use of BOP in practice

Classes, properties and dataproperties back to ToC

This section provides details for each class and property defined by Building Performance Ontology.

Classes

Actuationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#Actuation

An act of carrying out an actuation procedure by an actuator to change the state of a property.

has super-classes
Executionc
is in domain of
actuated byop, has actuated propertyop
is in range of
has actuationop, performs actuationop
is disjoint with
Observationc

Actuatorc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#Actuator

An agent that can implement an actuation procedure to change the state of a property..

has super-classes
Executorc
is in domain of
acts onop, has sub-actuatorop, is sub-actuator ofop, performs actuationop
is in range of
actuated byop, has sub-actuatorop, is actuated byop, is sub-actuator ofop
is disjoint with
Sensorc

Data pointc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#DataPoint

A data element in a database representing the state of a property.

has super-classes
Resultc
has sub-classes
Inputc, Outputc, User definedc
is in domain of
has IDdp, is data point ofop
is in range of
has data pointop

Databasec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#Database

A collection of data.

The database class is used to describe an external database, storing results of executions, such as a time-series database.

is in domain of
has data pointop, is external database ofop
is in range of
has external databaseop, is data point ofop
is disjoint with
Executionc, Executorc, Feature of interestc, Platformc, Procedurec, Propertyc, Property setc, Resultc, Unitc

Executionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#Execution

An act of carrying out a procedure by an executor on a property

has sub-classes
Actuationc, Observationc
is in domain of
executed byop, has executed propertyop, has feature of interestop, has resultop, has simple resultdp, uses procedureop
is in range of
has executionop, is feature of interest ofop, is result ofop, is used forop, performs executionop
is disjoint with
Databasec, Executorc, Feature of interestc, Platformc, Procedurec, Propertyc, Property setc, Resultc, Unitc

Executorc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#Executor

An agent that can implement a procedure to perform an execution.

has super-classes
is hosted byop max 1 Platformc
has sub-classes
Actuatorc, Sensorc
is in domain of
executes onop, has external databaseop, has sub-executorop, implements procedureop, is hosted byop, is sub-executor ofop, performs executionop
is in range of
executed byop, has sub-executorop, hostsop, implemented byop, is executed byop, is external database ofop, is sub-executor ofop
is disjoint with
Databasec, Executionc, Feature of interestc, Platformc, Procedurec, Propertyc, Property setc, Resultc, Unitc

Feature of interestc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#FeatureOfInterest

An abstraction of a real-world phenomenon which could be described in terms of its properties.

has super-classes
has propertyop min 1 Propertyc
is in domain of
has complex propertyop, has propertyop, has simple propertydp, is feature of interest ofop
is in range of
has feature of interestop, is complex property ofop, is property ofop
is disjoint with
Databasec, Executionc, Executorc, Platformc, Procedurec, Propertyc, Property setc, Resultc, Unitc

Inputc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#Input

An input data point in a BMS system.

has super-classes
Data pointc

Observationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#Observation

An act of carrying out an observation procedure by a sensor to observe the state of a property.

has super-classes
Executionc
is in domain of
has observed propertyop, observed byop
is in range of
has observationop, performs observationop
is disjoint with
Actuationc

Outputc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#Output

An output data point in a BMS system.

has super-classes
Data pointc

Platformc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#Platform

An entity that hosts an executor.

has super-classes
hostsop min 1 Executorc
is in domain of
hostsop
is in range of
is hosted byop
is disjoint with
Databasec, Executionc, Executorc, Feature of interestc, Procedurec, Propertyc, Property setc, Resultc, Unitc

Procedurec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#Procedure

A workflow, protocol, plan, algorithm, or computational method specifying how to perform an execution.

is in domain of
implemented byop, is used forop
is in range of
implements procedureop, uses procedureop
is disjoint with
Databasec, Executionc, Executorc, Feature of interestc, Platformc, Propertyc, Property setc, Resultc, Unitc

Property setc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#PropertySet

A collection of properties. The collection could also be a singleton or a null set.

is in domain of
contains propertyop
is in range of
is part of property setop
is disjoint with
Databasec, Executionc, Executorc, Feature of interestc, Platformc, Procedurec, Propertyc, Resultc, Unitc

Resultc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#Result

The outcome of an execution.

has sub-classes
Data pointc
is in domain of
has simple unitdp, has unitop, has valuedp, is complex property ofop, is property state ofop, is result ofop
is in range of
has complex propertyop, has property stateop, has resultop, is unit ofop
is disjoint with
Databasec, Executionc, Executorc, Feature of interestc, Platformc, Procedurec, Propertyc, Property setc, Unitc

Sensorc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#Sensor

An agent that can implement an observation procedure to measure the state of a property.

has super-classes
Executorc
is in domain of
has sub-sensorop, is sub-sensor ofop, observesop, performs observationop
is in range of
has sub-sensorop, is observed byop, is sub-sensor ofop, observed byop
is disjoint with
Actuatorc

Unitc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#Unit

A particular quantity value that has been chosen as a scale for measuring other quantities of the same kind.

is in domain of
is unit ofop
is in range of
has unitop
is disjoint with
Databasec, Executionc, Executorc, Feature of interestc, Platformc, Procedurec, Propertyc, Property setc, Resultc

User definedc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#UserDefined

A user defined data point in a BMS system.

has super-classes
Data pointc

Object Properties

acts onop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#actsOn

Relationship between an actuator and the property it acts on.

has super-properties
executes onop
has domain
Actuatorc
has range
Propertyc
is inverse of
is actuated byop

actuated byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#actuatedBy

Relationship between an actuation and the actuator which performed this actuation.

has super-properties
executed byop
has domain
Actuationc
has range
Actuatorc
is inverse of
performs actuationop

contains propertyop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#containsProperty

Relationship between a property set and a property which is part of this set.

has domain
Property setc
has range
Propertyc
is inverse of
is part of property setop

executed byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#executedBy

Relationship between an execution and the executor which performed this execution.

has sub-properties
actuated byop, observed byop
has domain
Executionc
has range
Executorc
is inverse of
performs executionop

executes onop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#executesOn

Relationship between an executor and the property it executes on.

has sub-properties
acts onop, observesop
has domain
Executorc
has range
Propertyc
is inverse of
is executed byop

has actuated propertyop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#hasActuatedProperty

Relationship between an actuation and the actuated property.

has super-properties
has executed propertyop
has domain
Actuationc
has range
Propertyc
is inverse of
has actuationop

has actuationop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#hasActuation

Relationship between a property and a corresponding actuation.

has super-properties
has executionop
has domain
Propertyc
has range
Actuationc
is inverse of
has actuated propertyop

has complex propertyop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#hasComplexProperty

Direct relationship between a feature of interest and a result.

has domain
Feature of interestc
has range
Resultc
is inverse of
is complex property ofop

has data pointop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#hasDataPoint

Relationship between a database and its data points.

has domain
Databasec
has range
Data pointc
is inverse of
is data point ofop

has executed propertyop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#hasExecutedProperty

Relationship between an execution and the executed property.

has sub-properties
has actuated propertyop, has observed propertyop
has domain
Executionc
has range
Propertyc
is inverse of
has executionop

has executionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#hasExecution

Relationship between a property and a corresponding execution.

has sub-properties
has actuationop, has observationop
has domain
Propertyc
has range
Executionc
is inverse of
has executed propertyop

has external databaseop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#hasExternalDatabase

Linking an executor with the database its results are stored in.

has domain
Executorc
has range
Databasec
is inverse of
is external database ofop

has feature of interestop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#hasFeatureOfInterest

Linking an execution with its feature of interest.

has domain
Executionc
has range
Feature of interestc
is inverse of
is feature of interest ofop

has observationop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#hasObservation

Relationship between a property and a corresponding observation.

has super-properties
has executionop
has domain
Propertyc
has range
Observationc
is inverse of
has observed propertyop

has observed propertyop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#hasObservedProperty

Relationship between an observation and the observed property.

has super-properties
has executed propertyop
has domain
Observationc
has range
Propertyc
is inverse of
has observationop

has propertyop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#hasProperty

Linking a feature of interest with its property. The property is intrinsic to this feature of interest, and cannot exist without this feature of interest.

has domain
Feature of interestc
has range
Propertyc
is inverse of
is property ofop

has property stateop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#hasPropertyState

Linking a property with a result

has domain
Propertyc
has range
Resultc
is inverse of
is property state ofop

has resultop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#hasResult

Linking an execution to its result.

has domain
Executionc
has range
Resultc
is inverse of
is result ofop

has sub-actuatorop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#hasSubActuator

Describing a whole-part relationship between an actuator and its sub-actuator.

has characteristics: asymmetric, transitive

has super-properties
has sub-executorop
has domain
Actuatorc
has range
Actuatorc
is inverse of
is sub-actuator ofop

has sub-executorop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#hasSubExecutor

Describing a whole-part relationship between an executor and its sub-executor.

has characteristics: asymmetric, transitive

has sub-properties
has sub-actuatorop, has sub-sensorop
has domain
Executorc
has range
Executorc
is inverse of
is sub-executor ofop

has sub-propertyop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#hasSubProperty

Describing a whole-part relationship between a property and its sub-property..

has characteristics: transitive

has domain
Propertyc
has range
Propertyc
is inverse of
is sub-property ofop

has sub-sensorop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#hasSubSensor

Describing a whole-part relationship between a sensor and its sub-sensor..

has characteristics: asymmetric, transitive

has super-properties
has sub-executorop
has domain
Sensorc
has range
Sensorc
is inverse of
is sub-sensor ofop

has unitop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#hasUnit

Linking a result with a unit.

has characteristics: functional

has domain
Resultc
has range
Unitc
is inverse of
is unit ofop

hostsop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#hosts

Describing the relation between a platform and the executor which is hosted by this platform.

has characteristics: inverse functional

has domain
Platformc
has range
Executorc
is inverse of
is hosted byop

implemented byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#implementedBy

Describing the relation between a procedure and the executor implementing this procedure.

has domain
Procedurec
has range
Executorc
is inverse of
implements procedureop

implements procedureop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#implementsProcedure

Describing the relationship between an executor and the procedure it implements.

has domain
Executorc
has range
Procedurec
is inverse of
implemented byop

is actuated byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#isActuatedBy

Relationship between a property and the actuator which acts on the property.

has super-properties
is executed byop
has domain
Propertyc
has range
Actuatorc
is inverse of
acts onop

is complex property ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#isComplexPropertyOf

Linking a result with a feature of interest

has domain
Resultc
has range
Feature of interestc
is inverse of
has complex propertyop

is data point ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#isDataPointOf

Linking a data point with the database it is part of.

has domain
Data pointc
has range
Databasec
is inverse of
has data pointop

is executed byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#isExecutedBy

Relationship between a property and the executor which executes on the property.

has sub-properties
is actuated byop, is observed byop
has domain
Propertyc
has range
Executorc
is inverse of
executes onop

is external database ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#isExternalDatabaseOf

has domain
Databasec
has range
Executorc
is inverse of
has external databaseop

is feature of interest ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#isFeatureOfInterestOf

Linking a feature of interest with an execution which executes on a property of this feature of interest.

has domain
Feature of interestc
has range
Executionc
is inverse of
has feature of interestop

is hosted byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#isHostedBy

Describing the relation between an executor and the platform hosting this executor.

has characteristics: functional

has domain
Executorc
has range
Platformc
is inverse of
hostsop

is observed byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#isObservedBy

Relationship between a property and the sensor which observes the property.

has super-properties
is executed byop
has domain
Propertyc
has range
Sensorc
is inverse of
observesop

is part of property setop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#isPartOfPropertySet

Relationship between a property and the property set it is part of.

has domain
Propertyc
has range
Property setc
is inverse of
contains propertyop

is property ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#isPropertyOf

Linking a property with its feature of interest. The property is intrinsic to this feature of interest, and cannot exist without a feature of interest.

has characteristics: functional

has domain
Propertyc
has range
Feature of interestc
is inverse of
has propertyop

is property state ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#isPropertyStateOf

Linking a result with a property

has domain
Resultc
has range
Propertyc
is inverse of
has property stateop

is result ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#isResultOf

Linking a result with an execution.

has domain
Resultc
has range
Executionc
is inverse of
has resultop

is sub-actuator ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#isSubActuatorOf

Relation between an actuator and sub-actuators. The sub-actuators are of type actuator and could function as individual actuators.

has characteristics: asymmetric, transitive

has super-properties
is sub-executor ofop
has domain
Actuatorc
has range
Actuatorc
is inverse of
has sub-actuatorop

is sub-executor ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#isSubExecutorOf

Relation between an executor and sub-executors. The sub-executors are of type executor and could function as individual executors.

has characteristics: asymmetric, transitive

has sub-properties
is sub-actuator ofop, is sub-sensor ofop
has domain
Executorc
has range
Executorc
is inverse of
has sub-executorop

is sub-property ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#isSubPropertyOf

Relation between a sub-property and its parent property.

has characteristics: asymmetric, transitive

has domain
Propertyc
has range
Propertyc
is inverse of
has sub-propertyop

is sub-sensor ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#isSubSensorOf

Relation between a sensor and sub-sensors. The sub-sensors are of type sensor and could function as individual sensors.

has characteristics: asymmetric, transitive

has super-properties
is sub-executor ofop
has domain
Sensorc
has range
Sensorc
is inverse of
has sub-sensorop

is unit ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#isUnitOf

Linking a unit with a result.

has characteristics: inverse functional

has domain
Unitc
has range
Resultc
is inverse of
has unitop

is used forop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#isUsedFor

The relationship between a procedure and an execution which used this procedure.

has domain
Procedurec
has range
Executionc
is inverse of
uses procedureop

observed byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#observedBy

Relationship between an observation and the sensor which performed this observation.

has super-properties
executed byop
has domain
Observationc
has range
Sensorc
is inverse of
performs observationop

observesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#observes

Relationship between a sensor and the property it observes.

has super-properties
executes onop
has domain
Sensorc
has range
Propertyc
is inverse of
is observed byop

performs actuationop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#performsActuation

Relationship between an actuator and the actuation it performs.

has super-properties
performs executionop
has domain
Actuatorc
has range
Actuationc
is inverse of
actuated byop

performs executionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#performsExecution

Relationship between an executor and the execution it performs.

has sub-properties
performs actuationop, performs observationop
has domain
Executorc
has range
Executionc
is inverse of
executed byop

performs observationop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#performsObservation

Relationship between a sensor and the observation it performs.

has super-properties
performs executionop
has domain
Sensorc
has range
Observationc
is inverse of
observed byop

uses procedureop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#usesProcedure

The relationship between an execution and the used procedure.

has domain
Executionc
has range
Procedurec
is inverse of
is used forop

Data Properties

has IDdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#hasID

The ID of a data point in an external database.

has characteristics: functional

has super-properties
has valuedp
has domain
Data pointc

has simple propertydp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#hasSimpleProperty

Linking a feature of interest with a simple property value described as a literal.

has domain
Feature of interestc

has simple property statedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#hasSimplePropertyState

Linking a property with a simple property state value described as a literal.

has domain
Propertyc

has simple resultdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#hasSimpleResult

Linking an execution with a simple result value described as a literal.

has characteristics: functional

has domain
Executionc

has simple unitdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#hasSimpleUnit

Linking a result with a unit described by a literal.

has characteristics: functional

has domain
Resultc

has valuedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/bop#hasValue

The simple value of a result.

has characteristics: functional

has sub-properties
has IDdp
has domain
Resultc

Named Individuals

Alex Donkersni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8809-3277

belongs to
personc

Legend back to ToC

c: Classes
op: Object Properties
dp: Data Properties
ni: Named Individuals

References back to ToC

Add your references here. It is recommended to have them as a list.

Acknowledgments back to ToC

The authors would like to thank Silvio Peroni for developing LODE, a Live OWL Documentation Environment, which is used for representing the Cross Referencing Section of this document and Daniel Garijo for developing Widoco, the program used to create the template used in this documentation.